Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: T10
Fee Member Dentist: $100
Fee Non Member Dentist: $165
Staff Fee: $81
Medical emergencies occurring in the dental office can be stressful and frightening – not only for the patient, but also for the entire dental team. This course is designed for dentists and staff to develop strategies to prevent, identify and respond to medical problems including syncope, allergic problems, cardiovascular abnormalities and respiratory distress. Emphasis will be placed on preparing your team in advance of a crisis to minimize its potential impact. Although dentists or staff will benefit by attending individually, the greatest gain is achieved when the dental team attends together. An extensive handout is provided which can later be condensed into a chairside manual with appropriate protocols to respond to most emergencies.Learning Objectives :
• Develop strategies to prevent, identify and respond to medical problems.
• Meet the Ohio State Dental Board’s auxiliary educational criteria for Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office.
• Be prepared to minimize a crisis’ potential impact.
This course meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s criteria for dental hygienists and general supervision.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T11
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Management of acute odontogenic pain is accomplished through a clinical approach that successfully incorporates both opioid and non-opioid analgesics. However, moderate to severe dental pain often occurs well after office hours so it is critical to be able to accurately identify a patient's need for pain control, develop an individualized pain management plan and assess the efficacy of analgesic agents employed. This program will provide strategies for effectively managing dental pain with opioid and non-opioid analgesics and analgesic adjuvants, while also mitigating associated risks. Special emphasis will be given to appropriate practices for prescribing analgesics as well as identification and treatment of opioid analgesic abuse.Learning Objectives :
• Understand the pharmacology and mechanism of action of opioid and non-opioid analgesics, as well as their potential for abuse.
• Identify the intended roles of these analgesics in the treatment of acute dental pain, as well as situations which may preclude their use.
• Discuss best practices for prescribing opioid analgesics as part of an individualized patient pain management plan.
Note: This program meets the training requirement for Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) registrants when combined with five hours of education from courses with similar content provided by the ODA or other DEA-approved training organizations.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T12
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
All-ceramic crowns are the most popular crowns fabricated in America today. There are a number of choices, so how do you select the best choice? Buildups, preparation, and cementation are specific to the ceramic you choose. Treatment planning, smile design, and expectations must be communicated with the patient and the dental laboratory prior to preparation. Provisionals can serve as a template for the desired final crowns. From single unit anterior crowns to full mouth rehabilitations, learn how to select, treatment plan, prepare and seat long-lasting esthetic all-ceramic restorations. Topics include: all-ceramic restoration selection factors; proportion and personality-based smile design; creating an image of desired smile; using a master diagnostic model for dependable outcomes; using your provisionals as a try-in mockup; and seating: conventional cementation or bonding?Learning Objectives :
• Learn how to select the most appropriate all-ceramic restoration.
• Utilize proportion and personality-based smile design for all-ceramic cases.
• Select the ideal cement to seat the case.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T13
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
“OH NO! Not that one again!” After all your training, years of hard work and tremendous sacrifice – don’t you just hate it when you get those heart-wrenching questions and resistance to case acceptance over and over again? Your team and you work so hard, and care so deeply, so why is it that often our patients don’t ask for optimal care and enthusiastically accept our treatment plans? Get ready to laugh, learn, and get fired up for a dramatic improvement of your case acceptance and your enjoyment of your practice!Learning Objectives :
• Learn the power of high-impact, new-patient experience.
• Review ten questions you must ask of each new patient.
• Commit to obtaining the necessary evidence for predictable case presentations
Presented By:
CE Credit: 6
Course Code: T14
Fee Member Dentist: $335
Fee Non Member Dentist: $400
Staff Fee: $249
Clinicians are often apprehensive or hesitant to perform Endodontic treatment, and this hesitancy derives from a lack of confidence in their knowledge, skills, and armamentarium. In this hands-on and interactive course, we will discuss all the Endodontic fundamentals - spanning from diagnosis to management of emergencies, to case selection for success, to complication management. We will also explore tried and true techniques for establishing glide path thorough cleaning and shaping, and 3D warm vertical obturation. The first part of our course will be focused on didactic skills. The second part of the lecture, which includes the hands-on component, will focus on the final stages of Endo, including separated instrument management and obturation. We will then be completing a hands-on workshop to practice glide path, instrumentation, and warm vertical obturation. Clinicians will leave this course feeling invigorated and confident for their next root canal, fueled with wide-spanning knowledge about how to handle the cases they see with their patients. These lessons will allow the clinician to start treating Endodontics like an everyday occurrence, which will expand both their clinical confidence and their everyday practice.Learning Objectives :
• Understand how to properly diagnose a tooth, understand the importance of proper diagnosis, and know how to treat different diagnoses with the proper course of action.
• Understand the guiding principles of glide path, the four complications and their solutions, and the movements to predictably get to glide path effectively.
• Understand the underlying principles of irrigation and how impactful this is on the success of the root canal.
Support provided by Kerr
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: T15
From discounted office supplies to insurance plans for the entire staff, ODA member dentists and their practices are privy to a vast number of valuable services that can help improve and uncomplicate day-to-day operations. Designed for the office manager and office staff, this course provides complete information on discounted products offered to ODA members through ODA Services Corp., Inc (ODASC) and its GPO, OhioDDS.Learning Objectives :
• Identify products available to assist member dentists’ offices.
• Examine eligibility for discounts through ODASC.
• Explore various business solutions available to ODA members and their offices.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T16
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Do you know how many of your patients living with cancer or suffering with chronic pain use various forms of cannabis regularly? Is cannabis therapeutic for cancer or pain management? Dental professionals need a robust understanding of the potential pros and cons within the oral cavity as well as potential psychological effects of chronic cannabis usage. Increased availability of cannabis for medicinal purposes is growing rapidly across North America so clinicians should expect to see increased oral manifestations with chronic usage. Various forms of cannabis, and methods of usage yield different pharmacological outcomes. This course explores oral and pharmacological implications for cannabis users and equips dental professionals to coach patients toward strategies to protect the oral environment.Learning Objectives :
• Identify diverse types and delivery methods of cannabis.
• Examine evidence surrounding therapeutic use of cannabis in the management of cancer and chronic pain.
• Explore pharmacological and oral implications of cannabis usage
Note: This program meets the training requirement for Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) registrants when combined with five hours of education from courses with similar content provided by the ODA or other DEA-approved training organizations.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: T17
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
During this presentation, Paul “Dr. Nacho” Goodman will share strategies for success to improve communication in your dental practice and dentisting life. In this interactive presentation we will review common challenges when it comes to delivering your message with clarity.Learning Objectives :
• Identify places of communication stress inside and outside your dental practice.
• Improve clinical, business, team management, and leadership success.
• Analyze the four major transitions in the circle of dentisting life, and how communication is key to optimal success
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T18
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Direct restorations occupy a significant portion of time in the modern dental office. They can be complicated and take more time and effort than indirect procedures. Single and optimized shade Universal composites have been introduced for anterior teeth, reducing the need for time-consuming layering procedures. Posterior bulk-fill posterior composites simplify placement and give the dentist confidence in tackling the most difficult restorations. Mastering simplified direct restorations can make them more cost effective for you and the patient and be more conservative. Bioactive materials combat recurrent decay in high-risk patients and reduce post-operative sensitivity. Learn how to extend the lifetime of your patients’ restorations quickly and effectively. Topics include: simplified anterior bonding using single shade composites; efficient posterior restorations using bulk-fill composites; bulk filled bioactive restorations; using special matrices to simplify Class II and Class IV restorations; and, simplified and predictable pulp-capping solutions.Learning Objectives :
• Learn how to place large anterior composites with only one selected shade.
• Discover how bioactive materials are invaluable for high caries-risk patients and seniors.
• Know when and how to use effective pulp-capping protocols
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T19
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $75
Receive your 2-year certification for CPR following the American Heart Association Guidelines for healthcare professionals. Learn how to recognize and respond to life-threatening emergencies such as cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and foreign-body airway obstruction. Recognize heart attack and stroke in adults and breathing difficulty in children and learn skills of CPR for victims of all ages (including ventilation with barrier devices and bag-mask devices) as well as demonstrate the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Fees collected for this class do not necessarily represent revenue for the American Heart Association. This course also qualifies as recertification if you have a current AHA 2-year healthcare provider certification.Learning Objectives :
•Complete requirements to be certified.
This course fulfills the Ohio State Dental Board’s CPR requirement for hygienists, expanded function dental auxiliaries, and dental assistants. For licensure and/or registration, hygienists and EFDAs must have proof of CPR certification.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: T20
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Don’t deny it! Admit it! Every one of us has had this during our career. The cases where you didn’t read the patient well, didn’t get the proper diagnostic material, or didn’t take the time to really listen and see what was appropriate for your patient. Whether you have made a minor misjudgment, or totally face-planted, this course will help you navigate the question, “Now what?”.Learning Objectives :
• Discuss your patient’s “wants & needs” so you minimize misunderstandings.
• Review the predictable new patient experience, and how to engage the entire team for a higher level of case acceptance.
• Learn how to react when things go wrong: how to diagnose, document and recover so that the appropriate care gets delivered.
Course Code: E90
Fee Member Dentist: $125
Fee Non Member Dentist: $125
Staff Fee: $125
Wine lovers looking to enjoy a unique and lively evening will enjoy dinner at a popular Short North eatery, Martini Modern Italian. Attendees will participate in a wine tasting, pairing several wines with exquisite food in the semi-private mezzanine of the popular restaurant. The ticket price is inclusive and includes a chef-selected dinner served with four wine pairings and gratuity. Martini Modern Italian is conveniently located across from the Greater Columbus Convention Center at the corner of High & Vine Streets and is within walking distance of each of our partner hotels.Attendance is limited.
Course Code: E91
All dentists in practice 10 years or less are invited to attend the New Dentist Social. Connect with classmates and meet new colleagues at this premiere event designed especially for the new practitioner. The event features an open bar and appetizers, perfect for an after-dinner stop. Denmark on High is a Euro-style Cocktail Bistro located on the 2nd floor of 463 North High Street, right across the street from the main doors of the Greater Columbus Convention Center. Sponsored by ODPAC.Free for new dentists and their spouses, but you must register to attend.
Course Code: E92
Exactly what you need for tackling CE classes and a trek through the Exhibit Hall! Start your day with an invigorating yoga session led by one of Bend’s instructors. Bring a mat if you have one. A very limited number of mats will be available on a first-come, first-served basis. Those in attendance will be entered into a drawing to win a $50 gift card.Free, but registration is required. Support provided by Bend Active.
CE Credit: 1.5
Course Code: F22
Staff Fee: $75
Dental Hygienists won’t want to miss this innovative “nosh and learn” program just for them! Representatives from the leading preventative products companies will participate in this interactive session where attendees will be seated at tables for breakfast and company representatives will travel the room spending time at each table describing their newest materials and answering dental hygienists’ questions.Learning Objectives :
• Gain knowledge of new products on the market and how they benefit your patients.
Limited attendance; Hygienists only
Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: F23
Fee Member Dentist: $295
Fee Non Member Dentist: $375
Staff Fee: $275
Gain confidence with endodontics and direct bonding! This course is designed to reduce the stress of difficult procedures by implementing new innovative techniques. From root canals to smile makeovers, learn ways to help your patients predictably and efficiently. With the demand to have a “selfie” pleasing smile, patients are actively looking for immediate results. Start treating same-day smile makeovers and tricky black triangles with confidence today! Our jobs are difficult enough -- learn ways to simplify everyday dentistry and make complex procedures more enjoyable to you and your patients!Learning Objectives :
• Learn to quickly and predictably do same-day smile makeovers.
• Build and refine your skills with cutting-edge endodontic tools.
• Upgrade your practice with minimally invasive techniques
This workshop is repeated; see Course Code S40.
Support provided by Coltene.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 5
Course Code: F24
Fee Member Dentist: $100
Fee Non Member Dentist: $165
Staff Fee: $81
This comprehensive and immersive course is designed specifically for dental hygienists seeking to improve their self-leadership, expand their knowledge, enhance their skills, and stay ahead in the ever-evolving field of dental hygiene. This course will cover a wide range of essential topics, ensuring you have a well-rounded and advanced understanding of dental hygiene principles and up-to-date practices. Through a combination of engaging discussion, hands-on experience, and demonstration of cutting-edge technology, this course will empower you with the expertise and confidence to take your care to the next level. Course topics include: self-leadership; understanding your bias; infection control; evaluating your patient’s oral and systemic risk factors; occlusal dysfunction; periodontal treatment, diagnosis, and management; dental implants; caries management; 3D scanning; and artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry.Learning Objectives :
• Understand new developments in the field of dental hygiene.
• Improve clinical success.
• Discover how to take your care to the next level
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F25
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Improving daily dentisting life requires a commitment to enhancing clinical techniques, patient communication skills, practice management systems and self-care as a dentist. Dr. Goodman will review systems to help dentists start their day successfully, talk about overcoming daily challenges within a practice, and help create a streamlined approach to case presentation.Learning Objectives :
• Develop systems to get the dentisting day started on the right foot.
• Learn to navigate clinical and financial confusion regarding case acceptance.
• Create a streamlined approach to case presentation
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F26
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
In this fast paced, ever-changing world, dental teams must commit to taking a serious look at every aspect of the practice. With a comprehensive feedback process you gain insight into your performance, which allows you to identify opportunities for growth. Enjoy this fun filled, dynamic seminar that will super charge your practice today!Learning Objectives :
• Understand the urgency to lead and re-align your practice.
• Rank the doctor and the team in the 35 key leadership issues for peak performing teams.
• Consider key communication barriers, and how to overcome them
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F27
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Ninety percent of crowns and bridges are now fabricated from a ceramic material according to a report from one of the largest US dental laboratories. Ceramic materials do not handle the same as metal-based restorations and improper selection or handling can lead to premature failure. This course will teach you how to select and handle different types of ceramic materials that are currently used in dentistry that will be much less confusing than typical marketing rhetoric. The ability to bond these dental ceramics allows the practitioner to perform more conservative tooth preparations. As there are many different types of dental ceramics available (zirconia, lithium disilicate, porcelain, processed composite, etc.), determining the correct protocol for each type of ceramic can be confusing. This lecture aims to simplify the process of bonding ceramics and provide the clinician with a protocol that can be used to bond any type of dental ceramic. In this course, we will review the best clinical practices based on research studies conducted at the UAB School of Dentistry and provide pearls for you to take back to the office.Learning Objectives :
• Review the different types of dental ceramic materials.
• Understand how to choose a ceramic material for anterior restorations.
• Understand the preparation and design considerations for posterior crowns and bridges
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F28
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
This course will demonstrate a series of simple, cost-effective, predictable, and clinical uses for bone regeneration focused on one-step alveolar ridge preservation using novel composite graft/collagen materials. The speaker will review cost-effective surgical techniques for both everyday tooth extractions as well as innovative surgical procedures for ridge preservation, sinus lift as well as grafting around immediately placed implants. Current clinical guidelines and the scientific rationales behind them will be discussed.Learning Objectives :
• Understand alveolar ridge preservation and why it is important to graft sockets as well as recognize the clinical indications and benefits of grafting extraction sites.
• Demonstrate simple, predictable, and cost-effective socket grafting techniques without the use of a membrane.
• Learn novel techniques for successful sinus elevation and bone grafting for immediate implant placement.
Support provided by Impladent Ltd.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F29
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
In today’s busy general practice, the most used materials are composites for direct restorations. The evolution of that category of materials is amazing; today’s composites and cements are light years ahead of the materials that we thought were great 20 years ago. The changes in the translucency and in the ability to match the existing tooth color are a major advancement. This course is designed for the busy dentist who wants to stay current with the available materials and concepts of tooth-colored restorations.Learning Objectives :
• Understand the current materials and capabilities of composites.
• Know what composite materials are available and the limitations of each.
• Understand the current generation of bonding agents and cements
A workshop accompanies this course. See Course Code F37 Support provided by Kerr.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F30
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Discover the path of getting to know yourself and the impact that it can have on your life, both at the practice and at home. The process starts with a vivid vision that will guide you on the path to success and happiness. The process deepens as your sense of self continues to evolve as you walk your path. Join Dr. Chopra as she shares her experience through life as a mirror into yours.Learning Objectives :
• Discuss the importance of a vision and how this can impact the growth of your business and yourself; and how the power of your beliefs impacts that vision.
• Understand how masculine and feminine energies exist within each of us and what that even means.
• Review tools to get to know yourself and feel empowered when you exist from your natural state and see what that does for every area of your life
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F31
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
This course is designed to equip dentists with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively integrate artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into their dental practices. Participants will explore various AI applications tailored to dentistry, understand their implications for patient care and practice management, and learn how to leverage these tools to enhance diagnosis, treatment planning, and overall patient experience. Through a combination of case studies, clinical examples and audience involved activities, participants will gain practical insights into implementing AI solutions in their day-to-day clinical workflows.Learning Objectives :
• Understand the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision as applied to dentistry, including terminology and common applications. Learn about the 5 categories of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and how each of them is impacting dentistry.
• Evaluate the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI technologies into dental practices, including improved diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning efficiency, and enhanced patient engagement to increase case acceptance and understanding.
• Explore the evolving landscape of AI in dentistry, including its impact on the patient insurance process. Gain insights into how AI-driven tools and algorithms are revolutionizing insurance claims processing, fraud detection, and reimbursement optimization, and learn strategies for navigating this changing environment to streamline administrative workflows and maximize practice efficiency.
Support provided by Pearl.
Course Code: E93
In response to the Affordable Care Act, the ODA was the first association in Ohio to sponsor a private, self-insured health plan regulated by the Ohio Department of Insurance. The ODA Wellness Trust provides health benefits exclusively to ODA members, their staff, and families. Beginning its operations on March 1, 2015, the health plan quickly became one of the popular benefits made available to ODA members. Please stop by and join us for a toast and sweet treat as we kick-off our 10th year celebration!Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F32
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
High quality, diagnostic radiographs are a very important part of patient care. For dental radiographers to be effective, they must understand radiation basics. This includes radiation history, physics, image characteristics, effects, and risks. Dental radiographers must be skilled in their technique and understand why dental images are necessary for diagnostic purposes. They also must understand how to protect themselves and their patients. Additionally, dental radiographers need effective communication skills to gain trust with their patients. When people are educated, they are more likely to cooperate. This course will cover a wide range of radiation basics, as well as exposure techniques for both intraoral and extraoral dental radiographs. Patient relations and education will be discussed to help dental professionals manage challenging patients. This course is designed to review the duties and responsibilities required of all dental radiographers. The following topics will be covered: radiation history and basics; radiation physics and biology; image characteristics; exposure and technique errors; panoramic anatomy and technique; digital imaging; and renewing your credentials.Learning Objectives :
• Understand the steps for an optimal panoramic radiograph.
• Learn effective sensor placement and patient management.
• Self-assess radiographic errors and necessary steps to correct them
This course meets the two-hour radiography review required by the Ohio State Dental Board (OSDB) for dental assistant radiographers.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F33
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Through this presentation dental team members will be better informed about the disease of addiction, how to access help for themselves, their peers, or their patients, and the post-treatment recovery plan that helps sustain wellness. New governmental regulations on narcotic prescriptions and pain management will be reviewed. The dentist’s role in prescribing medications and the hygienist’s support of the process will be discussed as well as tips to recognize how different drugs present in your patients.Learning Objectives :
• Better understand how addiction happens and to whom.
• Learn about safe prescribing.
• Learn better pain management alternatives
This program meets the training requirement for Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) registrants when combined with six hours of education from courses with similar content provided by the ODA or other DEA-approved training organizations.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: F34
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Learn about the various issues that affect a more experienced dentist and practice owner. We will discuss how to optimize your practice for transition, and how to maximize your lifestyle and legacy goals in retirement—all while ensuring practice principles that continue to provide your patients with a dental home.Learning Objectives :
• Understand business succession planning in the case of early death or disability of the practice owner.
• Establish estate planning principles both pre- and post-sale.
• Better understand personal planning considering the practice’s role
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F35
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Posterior composite restorations remain the bread-and-butter procedure of many general dentists. Although this procedure may seem trivial, there are many clinical factors which lead to a long-lasting restoration, including diagnosis, isolation, caries removal, cavity preparation, use of liner, matrix and wedge placement, bonding technique, composite placement, and finishing and polishing. This course aims to review the techniques for each of these steps based on current evidence.Learning Objectives :
• Discuss treatment guidelines for interproximal caries and caries removal endpoints.
• Discover materials and techniques to promote a long-lasting adhesive bond and create a well-adapted restoration.
• Analyze matrix utilization and contouring instruments to achieve a tight and well-contoured contact
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F36
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
CDT Codes are changing at an unprecedented rate. Remaining up to date on information and making sure your records do the same is paramount to success. This course will provide information on recent CDT coding changes and help you maximize legitimate reimbursement while offering greater legal protection. There are many new strategies that will directly affect reimbursement and the bottom line. Move your practice to the next level by arming the doctor and staff with the latest coding information.Learning Objectives :
• To assess if you are losing money because you are using old codes to file Insurance claims and/or not utilizing optimized medical coding for medical reimbursement.
• To provide the latest dental coding information on CDT and ICD.
• To equip the practice to obtain maximum legitimate reimbursement
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F37
Fee Member Dentist: $245
Fee Non Member Dentist: $310
Staff Fee: $175
The workshop will provide hands-on comparison of traditional tint based composite material with the newest Universal (Smart Matching Composites). The general limitations of each category of composites will be examined and the time and techniques that each material requires for rapid integration into your practice on Monday morning. You will be prepping and restoring both anterior and posterior composite restorations. If you wear loupes, please bring them. All other equipment will be provided for each practitioner. You will prep, place, and polish multiple restorations during the afternoon course. You will also have the opportunity to handle various bonding agents and cement.Learning Objectives :
• Understanding the various clinical applications of several different composite systems.
• Determine which system works best in your hands that you can immediately apply in your practice.
• Compare the different working parameters of available composite materials.
• Learn a series of steps for creating predictable esthetics.
A lecture is a prerequisite for this workshop. See Course Code F29 Support provided by Kerr.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: F38
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) is terminology describing a strategic plan for upsetting the underworld of biofilms in the oral cavity. This novel approach to biofilm removal incorporates the magic of air, powder, and water to irradicate dysbiotic biofilms clinging to teeth and implants. With Guided Biofilm Therapy the patient and clinician benefit from an easy, gentle, and effective method of biofilm removal from implants, exposed root surfaces, delicate restorative materials, and difficult to access periodontal pockets. This course explores compelling science, and benefits surrounding the magic of GBT for preventing and treating biofilm infections in the oral cavity.Learning Objectives :
• Appraise evidence surrounding pathogenic biofilms as a direct and indirect promoter of chronic diseases.
• Distinguish vast clinical benefits Guided Biofilm Therapy provides to irradicate pathogenic biofilms incorporating the synergy of air, water, and powder.
• Identify shifts in paradigms and protocols necessary to provide Guided Biofilm Therapy to your patients
Course Code: E94
Have a question for one of today’s dental influencers? Be sure to attend the innovative Dental Influencers Panel. Panelists will discuss their take on current trends and hot topics in dentistry. Moderated by “Dr. Nacho” Paul Goodman, DMD, panelists scheduled include: Dr. Sonia Chopra; Dr. Ashleigh Briody, Kelly Tanner, RDH, PhD; and Dr. Elaine Bylis.Tickets are free, but you must register to attend.
Course Code: E95
Fee Member Dentist: $95
Fee Non Member Dentist: $95
Staff Fee: $95
Bring your spouse and staff and join the celebration to honor Dr. Manish Chopra and the 2024 Callahan Memorial Award Recipient, Dr. Ronald Occhionero, along with your outstanding colleagues at the Callahan Celebration of Excellence. The night starts with an open bar reception at 6:30 p.m., and the event includes the presentation of the Callahan Memorial Award and the ODA Awards of Excellence. Established in 1920, the Callahan Award is an international honor named for Dr. John Ross Callahan that recognizes outstanding contributions to dentistry. The ODA Awards of Excellence recognize Ohio dentists and others who have made exemplary efforts on behalf of the profession. The awards include the presentation of the ODA's highest honor, the Joseph P. Crowley Distinguished Dentist Award.Black-tie optional, the cost also includes VIP entrance and a drink ticket to The Bash!
Course Code: E96
All dentists in practice 10 years or less, dental residents and dental students are invited to watch Triple A Club the Columbus Clippers play the St. Paul Saints at Huntington Park. Connect with new colleagues that represent the future of dentistry, while watching the future stars of the Cleveland Guardians and Minnesota Twins Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises.Free for new dentists, dental residents, dental students, and one guest, but you must register to attend.
Course Code: E97
Dance Music. Casino-Style Games. Good Friends. Convenient Bars. No Cover Charge. That pretty much says it! Don’t miss what is destined to be one of the most popular events of Annual Session. Come celebrate with DJ ANT along with gaming tables with your chance to win great prizes!Tickets are free, but you must register to attend.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: S39
Fee Member Dentist: $295
Fee Non Member Dentist: $375
Staff Fee: $275
This workshop will highlight the current concepts and techniques for providing effective non-surgical management of periodontal diseases in both a lecture and hands-on format. The etiology of periodontal diseases along with skills to help motivate patients to control dental plaque will be briefly reviewed with an understanding that periodontal-peri-implant diseases are systemic. Diagnostic techniques for accurate probing measurements and calculus detection will be discussed coupled with the hands-on use of a novel dental model with a stimulated attachment apparatus. The rationale of periodontal hand instrumentation will be presented with hands-on experience using a universal curette and Gracey curettes. Hands-on experience in instrument sharpening using diamond sharpening cards will be provided. The theory and use of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonics will be presented with hands-on exercises using a variety of tips. The emerging role and use of air polishing with the latest agents and supragingival and subgingival tips will be presented along with the opportunity to use air polishing in the exhibit hall. The effective sequencing of appointments for initial periodontal therapy and the development of an effective maintenance program will be discussed.Learning Objectives :
• Improve skills in calculus detection and hand instrument sharpening.
• Learn how to improve accuracy in periodontal pocket measurement.
• Develop a protocol for comprehensive Phase I non-surgical periodontal therapy and for creating an effective maintenance program
This workshop is repeated; see Course Code S48.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: S40
Fee Member Dentist: $295
Fee Non Member Dentist: $375
Staff Fee: $275
Gain confidence with endodontics and direct bonding! This course is designed to reduce the stress of difficult procedures by implementing new innovative techniques. From root canals to smile makeovers, learn ways to help your patients predictably and efficiently. With the demand to have a “selfie” pleasing smile, patients are actively looking for immediate results. Start treating same day smile makeovers and tricky black triangles with confidence today! Our jobs are difficult enough -- learn ways to simplify everyday dentistry and make complex procedures more enjoyable to you and your patients!Learning Objectives :
• Learn to quickly and predictably do same-day smile makeovers.
• Build and refine your skills with cutting-edge endodontic tools.
• Upgrade your practice with minimally invasive techniques
This workshop is repeated; see Course Code F23. Support provided by Coltene.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: S41
Fee Member Dentist: $100
Fee Non Member Dentist: $165
Staff Fee: $81
During this course attendees will receive an accelerated pediatric dental residency experience. From preventive, restorative and surgical procedures to behavior guidance techniques and minimally invasive options for the pre-cooperative child, clinicians will learn basic principles in pediatric dentistry to assist in diagnosis and treatment planning.Learning Objectives :
• Define pediatric dentistry, a dental home, early childhood caries, severe early childhood caries, and dental neglect.
• List indications of the restoration of primary teeth and describe the types of restorations and armamentaria needed for the treatment of primary teeth.
• Understand minimally invasive dental options for pre-cooperative children such as SDF, Hall Crown, and Atraumatic Restorative Technies.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: S42
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
This course will be an overview of resin composite veneers in everyday practice. It will cover a predictable workflow of composite veneers, from the treatment planning to the case planning to the actual placement of the veneers.Learning Objectives :
• Understand the advantages and disadvantages of composite veneers.
• Review the benefits of facial-based treatment planning.
• Understand the procedure for applying a composite veneer
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: S43
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Designed specifically for hygienists, this course will discuss how taking ownership of your clinical operatory and patient care maximizes your ability to practice as a true provider. We will discuss how developing business, leadership, and communication skills allow you to manage your dental hygiene business by connecting with patients and staff to support hygiene case acceptance and a same-day treatment care model.Learning Objectives
• Understand the importance of taking ownership of your operatory.
• Discuss how working as a true provider maximizes your scope of practice.
• Examine business, leadership, and communication skills that are important when owning your operatory.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: S44
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
When the practice is paid quickly and appropriately, things are good. However, administrative mistakes can be devastating to a practice and lead to delays, denials, and slowed payment processing. Learning proper use of codes and documentation can maximize reimbursements, reduce risk, and lower stress.Learning Objectives :
• To recognize the dangers in coding improperly and benefits of coding properly.
• To know the most misused codes and how to avoid the usual errors.
• To be able to develop systems that result in timely payment
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: S45
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
During this presentation, attendees will learn when to start planning to buy or sell a dental practice. Sellers will learn how to make their practices more attractive to buyers, and buyers will learn how to find the right practice for their specific needs, skills and location. Dr. Goodman will examine the current state of the dental practice transitions market, and buyers will learn how to approach a reputable bank if they need financing.Learning Objectives :
• Key to finding the right dental associates.
• Common pitfalls to avoid during transitions.
• Assembling the right team for buying and selling a practice.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: S46
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
The management of dental trauma in the pediatric population is critical in achieving the best prognosis. Dr. Usman will review the nomenclature of trauma diagnosis as this is pertinent in creating a treatment plan aimed at achieving the best prognosis with regards to maintaining a healthy, functional, and esthetic result long term. Factors that influence prognosis such as extra-oral dry time, size of the apex and type of injury will be reviewed. The most up to date trauma guidelines (IADT) will be reviewed and using Dr. Usman’s personal cases, innovative treatments including regeneration and vital pulp therapy to manage complications of trauma such as extreme discoloration, replacement resorption and ankylosis will be discussed. Dr. Usman will also discuss complex interdisciplinary treatment plans such as working with OMFS, periodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics to get extraordinary results.Learning Objectives :
• Diagnosing the type of injury.
• Understanding how the age and sex of a patient can affect the prognosis.
• Selecting the appropriate treatment plan and building an interdisciplinary team.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 3
Course Code: S47
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
After a brief head and neck exam review, this course will cover common oral mucosal diagnoses often seen in a dental practice. Similar entities will be presented side by side, with differences shown to emphasize how to tell them apart. Discussion will include how to recognize precancerous lesions, malignancies, immune-mediated diseases, lumps and bumps as well as when to treat, how to treat, and when to refer.Learning Objectives :
• Confidently perform a head and neck/oral cancer screening exam.
• Differentiate benign lesions from precancerous and malignant lesions.
• Recognize key features that will help tell similar-appearing conditions apart
Presented By:
CE Credit: 4
Course Code: S48
Fee Member Dentist: $295
Fee Non Member Dentist: $375
Staff Fee: $275
This workshop will highlight the current concepts and techniques for providing effective non-surgical management of periodontal diseases in both a lecture and hands-on format. The etiology of periodontal diseases along with skills to help motivate patients to control dental plaque will be briefly reviewed with an understanding that periodontal-peri-implant diseases are systemic. Diagnostic techniques for accurate probing measurements and calculus detection will be discussed coupled with the hands-on use of a novel dental model with a stimulated attachment apparatus. The rationale of periodontal hand instrumentation will be presented with hands-on experience using a universal curette and Gracey curettes. Hands-on experience in instrument sharpening using diamond sharpening cards will be provided. The theory and use of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonics will be presented with hands-on exercises using a variety of tips. The emerging role and use of air polishing with the latest agents and supragingival and subgingival tips will be presented along with the opportunity to use air polishing in the exhibit hall. The effective sequencing of appointments for initial periodontal therapy and the development of an effective maintenance program will be discussed.Learning Objectives :
• Improve skills in calculus detection and hand instrument sharpening.
• Learn how to improve accuracy in periodontal pocket measurement.
• Develop a protocol for comprehensive Phase I non-surgical periodontal therapy and for creating an effective maintenance program.
This workshop is repeated; see Course Code S39.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: S49
Fee Member Dentist: $90
Fee Non Member Dentist: $155
Staff Fee: $71
Create a strong understanding of the basic skills and decisions necessary to run a small business, and how that intersects with your financial objectives and responsibilities. This session is intended to provide you with actionable information, with which to launch or continue your first 10 years in dentistry.Learning Objectives :
• Recognize necessary workplace strategies for your employees or employer.
• Recognize business-owner strategies for building your practice.
• Establish personal strategies early in your career.
• Growing a successful practice balancing risk, managing cashflow and one's balance sheet
Presented By:
CE Credit: 1
Course Code: O75
Dental implants represent an amazing opportunity to help our patients chew and smile with confidence! In this presentation, Dr. Paul Goodman will review the clinical steps to restoring a single tooth posterior implant as well as share a system improving case acceptance and tips for how dentist and team communication with the patient, is the key to success.Learning Objectives :
• Determine the restorative complexity of a single posterior dental implant.
• Review the steps involved in restoring, and identifying long-term maintenance challenges, of a single tooth posterior implant.
• Discuss systems to improve patient communication and case acceptance.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 1
Course Code: O76
This lecture holistically embodies how the field of endodontics has evolved over the years into what can be called the modern- day root canal. We are going through a renaissance within the specialty and are saving more teeth than ever. We change our beliefs about what teeth can actually be saved when we understand the capacity of the technology that is available to us. In addition, understand the healing power of the human body. Topics discussed include the value of the dental operating microscope; the value of cone beam technology; and the value of activated irrigation (i.e. gentlewave, lasers.)Learning Objectives :
• Understand the different types of technology available to us as endodontists so that we can save teeth.
• Understand that all of the individual pieces of technology provide the modern-day root canal, but together they have a first-class synergy.
• Review of tooth stories and follow-up that support the implementation of the technology.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O77
In an environment where COVID and social conflict affect our daily lives, we may feel unable to find our ground inside and outside the workplace. As healthcare providers, all social and emotional awareness aspects are integral for career success, clinical efficacy, and self-fulfillment. This course will help you understand the importance of emotional intelligence as a dental professional, understand how to identify blind spots, and help understand how to rewrite feelings and reverse triggers, which will increase your impact both personally and professionally.Learning Objectives
• Understand the importance of emotional intelligence to dental teams and connecting with patients.
• Recognize triggers, reactions, and emotions and trace them all to their source.
• Utilize emotional intelligence to redefine goals and create career fulfillment.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O78
September is Sickle Cell Awareness Month. Did you know that the first case of what is now called Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) was discovered in a dental student in 1910? This course will discuss the history of SCA as a genetic blood disorder and the effect this condition has on the social, medical, mental, dental, and physical health of those affected by it and the family members who love and care for them. As health care professionals, we play a role in helping to understand the needs of and advocate for Sickle Cell Warriors who often do not “look sick” when they present to a dental office or medical facility but may be experiencing pain crises within their blood vessels that can threaten their livelihood and life. Journey with Dr. Kari Cunningham and a Sickle Cell Warrior as they discuss life with SCA, advances in medical treatment, and the implications SCA has on the delivery of quality, safe, compassionate, and comprehensive oral health care.Learning Objectives :
• Describe what sickle cell anemia is, what causes it, and how it is inherited.
• Describe the relationships and complications between SCA and oral health.
• Better understand and advocate for patients with SCA to help improve their quality of life from a social, mental, dental, and psychological standpoint.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O79
Communication is the art and science of making yourself heard. Patients have always had questions, but the Covid era has heightened their search for information. It is vital that the dentist and their team be able to provide not only accurate, evidence-based information but the proper perspective to digest the facts and choose a course of action. A conversation with a patient is not an intellectual exercise. It is an opportunity to deliver specific messages to an interested audience. This course will examine the science of communication and the art of understanding.Learning Objectives :
• Participants will be able to better communicate through understanding of the technical components and the emotional components of the delivery of information.
• Participants will learn to think from the patient’s perspective and gain greater control of the conversation to achieve strategic objectives.
• Participants will appreciate the evidence-based research concerning the accuracy and efficacy of teledentistry in patient care and understand a method for integration of teledentistry into everyday practice.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O80
Bioceramics is a new class of materials that has many applications in dentistry, especially in endodontics. Its unique chemistry has led to a paradigm shift in endodontics making it the most desirable interface for biologic healing. Introduced into dentistry in the 1990’s, as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, it has been further developed to maximize its various properties depending on the application. Dr. Usman will discuss the evolution of this class of biomaterials and compare the various preparations in the marketplace. Using her own clinical cases, she will show the various applications in endodontics such as in managing endodontics perforations, open apex cases, resorptive lesions and minimally invasive endodontics.Learning Objectives :
• Understanding the chemistry of bio ceramics.
• Discover the various clinical uses of various formulations.
• Demonstrate clinical efficacy and excellent long-term prognosis using clinical cases.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O81
This seminar will help everyone in the dental office understand and comply with the latest state and federal regulations affecting the practice of dentistry, while avoiding common areas of concern and non-compliance. This information-filled session will provide practical, cost-effective, and realistic steps to take to keep your practice compliant.Learning Objectives :
• Understand current regulatory issues impacting Ohio dental practices.
• Address regulatory compliance from a practical, practice management perspective.
• Meet OSHA’s annual exposure control training requirement.
This program fulfills the annual exposure control training requirement mandated by the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O82
Antibiotics have improved health outcomes since the discovery of penicillin. However, their overuse and misuse has now threatened their effectiveness and led to superbug infections that are untreatable. This course will introduce antibiotic stewardship guidance and the risks of inappropriate antibiotic use, including antibiotic resistance.Learning Objectives :
• Assess the comparative effectiveness of different antibiotic drugs and prescribing directions in common clinical scenarios of acute dental pain and intraoral swelling.
• Evaluate patients’ risk factors and treatment needs based upon individualized patient needs and presentations.
• Discover how to best counsel patients on appropriate antibiotic use and the rationale for your prescribing recommendations.
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O83
A massive 93 percent increase in dental fees that took effect on January 1, 2024, has created a significant interest among dentists in participating in Ohio Medicaid. This presentation will help you better participate in Ohio’s largest access-to-care program. Learn practical steps on how to successfully incorporate Medicaid into an Ohio dental practice. Topics to be covered include: the state of Ohio’s Medicaid dental program; working with Ohio’s Medicaid HMOs; and identifying resources that are available to assist dental offices.Learning Objectives :
• Identify common Medicaid program mistakes and solutions.
• Dispel myths associated with being a Medicaid provider.
• Identify available resources to help dental offices
Presented By:
CE Credit: 8
Course Code: O84a
The completion of Course Codes O84, O85, O86 and O87 qualifies the dental hygienist to comply with provisions of the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). The legislation provides the opportunity for dental hygienists to participate in certain oral health community-based preventive programs in relationship with a dentist and the ability to work without the dentist being present, as specified by the law. Dr. Paul Casamassimo introduces a panel of experts presenting the eight-hour program including Dr. Homa Amini, Dr. Steve Beetstra, Dr. Janice Townsend, Eric Richmond, Esq., Beth Noel, RDH; Dr. Erin Gross and Dr. Kimberly Hammersmith.OHASP Course Objectives:
This course covers the elements of the OHASP educational requirement which ensures attendees will:
a) Understand the purpose and parameters of the statute and its implications for access to care.
b) Know the characteristics and health issues for persons with special health care needs including geriatric patients, patients with special health care needs, patients with developmental disabilities, and children with medical problems.
c) Be familiar with common oral conditions including those of hard and soft tissues.
d) Understand techniques to guide behavior in these settings.
e) Recognize significant medical issues and changes in a medical and dental history and in physical findings, including child abuse.
f) Have a working knowledge of procedures, record keeping and reporting characteristics for community-based programs, including photography, progress notes, and history-taking.
g) Be aware of ethical and legal considerations.
h) Measure blood pressure and pulse, and other vital signs effectively.
i) Demonstrate knowledge of fluoride application, oral hygiene procedures, topical anesthetic application, and application of desensitizing agents.
j) Provide adequate infection control in a community setting.
k) Position patients, provide basic life support activities, and other services for patient safety in a community setting
The completion of the four individual course segments meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s (OSDB) educational requirement for dental hygienists to participate in the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). These courses were first available at the 2021 ODA Virtual Annual Session and repeated as online courses during the 2022 & 2023 ODA Annual Sessions.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O84
The first segment of the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP) course covers fluoride application, oral hygiene procedures, topical anesthetic application, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), and application of desensitizing agents. Infection control, basic life support and other series for patient safety in a community setting will be reviewed.OHASP Course Objectives: i); j); k)
- Demonstrate knowledge of fluoride application and oral hygiene procedures in OHASP populations.
- Ability to set up appropriate screening centers in typically non-health care settings, including logistic and safety considerations.
- Demonstrate knowledge of proper infection control practices consistent with CDC ongoing and special COVID-19 related procedures and protocols.
The completion of this course, along with O85, O86 and O87 meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s (OSDB) educational requirement for dental hygienists to participate in the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). This course was first available at the 2021 ODA Virtual Annual Session and repeated as online courses during the 2022 & 2023 ODA Annual Sessions.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O85
The second segment of the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP) program covers the characteristics and health issues for persons with special health care needs, including geriatric patients, patients with special health care needs, patients with developmental disabilities, and children of all ages with medical problems. Information about how to guide behavior, provide restraint, and communicate with caregivers for behavior guidance will be addressed. Record keeping, reporting for community-based programs, photography, progress notes and history-taking will be discussed.OHASP Course Objectives: b); d); e); h)
- Recognize the characteristics and health issues for persons with special health care needs from developmental and functional perspectives as related to provision of care.
- Understand the importance of thorough record keeping and progress notes relative to these populations, including communication with staff and family according to current professional and regulatory standards.
- Ability to monitor vital signs for patient safety throughout a procedure
The completion of this course, along with O84, O86 and O87 meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s (OSDB) educational requirement for dental hygienists to participate in the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). This course was first available at the 2021 ODA Virtual Annual Session and repeated as online courses during the 2022 & 2023 ODA Annual Sessions.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O86
The third segment of the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP) course covers how to recognize significant medical issues and changes in a medical and dental history and in physical findings, including child abuse. How to interpret medical history to identify diagnosis will be explained. Record keeping, reporting for community-based programs, photography, progress notes and history-taking will be discussed. Common oral conditions including those involving hard and soft tissues will be discussed. Normal and abnormal oral lesions will be reviewed.OHASP Course Objectives: c); e); f)
- Ability to recognize changes in medical and dental history in children, adolescents, and adults in OHASP populations.
- Recognize common oral conditions including those of hard and soft tissues and their management in special settings.
- Understand the importance of thorough record keeping and progress notes relative to current federal, state, and professional guidance.
The completion of this course, along with O84, O85 and O87 meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s (OSDB) educational requirement for dental hygienists to participate in the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). This course was first available at the 2021 ODA Virtual Annual Session and repeated as online courses during the 2022 & 2023 ODA Annual Sessions.
Presented By:
CE Credit: 2
Course Code: O87
The fourth segment of the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP) course covers infection control, basic life support and other series for patient safety in a community setting. Ethical and legal considerations for providing services under the Oral Health Access Supervision Program, telehealth, and mobile care will be reviewed.OHASP Course Objectives: a); g); k); f)
- Demonstrate knowledge of the new Ohio Telehealth Bill.
- Understand ethical and legal issues under OHASP.
- Comply with other requirements of OHASP such as medical emergencies education and BLS certification.
- Be familiar with newer regulations regarding safety and care in residential facilities.
- Understand new rules on record availability to families.
The completion of this course, along with O84, O85 and O86 meets the Ohio State Dental Board’s (OSDB) educational requirement for dental hygienists to participate in the Oral Health Access Supervision Program (OHASP). This course was first available at the 2021 ODA Virtual Annual Session and repeated as online courses during the 2022 & 2023 ODA Annual Sessions.